The present article deals with introducing and critically studying the book Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science by Daniel Garber. Garber, one of the most prominent researchers of modern philosophy and contemporary Descartes-scholar, wrote the book in 1980, and it was published by Cambridge University Press. This work has been released in French, yet there is no Persian translation available. It is a collection of articles written separately by author and published in credible philosophical journals. The unifying subject of the articles is the relationship between Descartes’ philosophical and scientific areas of interest. This article intends to introduce the author and covers the literary style of the book in English in brief. The article mainly addresses the introduction and critical analysis of the book itself, in two parts successively: form and content. This article intends to introduce the author and covers the literary style of the book in English in brief. The article mainly addresses the introduction and critical analysis of the book itself, in two parts successively: form and content.

Stair ascent and descent is a challenging task for people with Sight loss. Identifying the effects of lack of visual input in people with Sight loss while stair ascent and descent can be effective in planning rehabilitation program and improving locomotion pattern. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the spatiotemporal variables in stair ascent and descent in people with Sight loss and comparing them with people with full-Sight. In this study, the spatiotemporal variables of stair ascent and descent in people with Sight loss were measured using 3D motion analysis device Vicon with frequency of 100HZ. For within group analysis, repeated measure test and for that of between groups, independent sample t-test were used with level of significance of p<0. 05. The spatial‐ temporal gait parameters during stair ascent and descent were collected. The results showed that the people with Sight loss had less speed, cadence and stride length comparing with people with full-Sight (p<0. 05). Moreover, stride and step time, single and double support time and stance time were significantly more in people with Sight loss comparing with the people with full-Sight (p<0. 05). There was a significant difference in variables such as cadence and stance time between stair ascent and descent (p<0. 05) and in both groups the mentioned difference was the same (p>0. 05). Decreased speed and cadence and increased stance time represent motion deficiency in people with Sight loss. Regarding the mentioned results, people with Sight loss have cautious stair locomotion pattern and spatiotemporal variables in closed eye state in people with full-Sight had weaker patterns comparing with people with loss Sight.

Prayer (salat) is the greatest ritual considered and emphasized in Islam. Hence, Muslim mystics have emphasized that category too much and presented various interpretations in its concern having put more emphasis upon its mystical facet. Mawlawi is a mystic who has paid notable attention to that category and investigated its corners thoroughly in his works. In his opinion, prayer is a window to the metaphysical world through which the wayfarer can go beyond the material world and can experience God’s attainment or the principle of unity. As prayer is emphasized in Islam as the pillar of religion, it is also considered as the most significant way for achieving goal of attainment/unity in the Islamic mysticism. The present essay intends to re-read Mawlawi’s thought concerning prayer and investigate his opinion phenomenologically.

Introduction: The methods and tools used for learning are rapidly changing. One of the most interesting fields in educational tools are computer games. This paper proposes “ Saray” , a solfege training video Game, through which the players take solfege rehearsals in form of challenges while tracing a folklore story. Materials and methods: The game receives the player's voice through the microphone. Based on the algorithm and the written code, the player's voice is analyzed and its fundamental frequency is extracted. The obtained frequency is entered into comparative calculations with pre-written patterns. If the user's voice frequency is within the defined range, the user would be successful and will earn score. Results: Solfege exercises took the form of intra-game challenges from basic to advance levels. Behind the scenes, all input sounds are processed. The frequency of the input sounds is analyzed to implement this process. The result of the analysis is compared to pre-designed didactic patterns that were confirmed by the music master. The result of this comparison reveals the correct or incorrect user feedback in the game. Conclusion: Exercising in the form of games motivates players to spend more time training and has high impact because of the attractiveness of video games.

This paper presents a method for line-of-Sight stabilization in submarine periscopes with respect to disturbances in the sea surface movements. These disturbances can cause unstable images taken by the periscope and give altered information from the targets that are located on the see surface, on the land, or in the air. To overcome this problem, an image stabilization method is required to generate reference signals for servomotors to remove the unwanted motions incurred on the image sequences. To drive the stabilization equations, basic rotation and homogeneous transformation matrices will be used. The stabilization equations will be derived for two different cases: 1) the range of target is known and 2) the range of target is unknown. In fact, these equations map the input space to the three-dimensional output space. The input space consists of the deviation angles of the periscope platform, the optional target range, which can be measured or given by the operator (optional data), and some desired operator information. The output space consists of three reference signals for three servomotors inside the persicope. The proposed method is implemented on an experimental periscope, mounted on a moving platform, which simulates the sea surface movements. The experimental results show good performance of the proposed method against sea surface movements.

This research evaluates the flourish of “Defa-e-Moqaddas” (war between Iran and Iraq) in Iranian movies from 1981 to 2006 in the art sociology of art. In other words, the purpose of this article is not to review the nature of “Defa-e-Moqaddas”, but is about how the cinema has represented the “eight- year war between Iran and Iraq”. The theoretical framework of this research is based on two complementary reflections and shaping approaches that according to them, art is the reflection of social situations and also it is used to shape public opinion. Qualitative content analysis method is applied in this study to achieve a deeper understanding the structure and functioning “Defa-e-Moqaddas” films. Despite the differences of classifications, in which, films are categorized in war group and war critic group, results show that the most films of this genre propagandize war and also they are very violent due to the special sensitivity of this genre. Although qualitative and quantitative changes have been occurred in cinema products during three past decades, the feedbacks of “Defa-e-Moqaddas’’ events have been less studied and most of the films have tried to shape public opinion, however they have been unsuccessful in the long-term.

A generalized three-dimensional line-of-Sight guidance with lead angle (GLOS) is presented for maneuvering targets. In the proposed guidance law, we define a desired line-of-Sight (LOS) from the tracker by taking the target future maneuvers into account. Because of the limitation of the tracker field-of-view (FOV), the lead angles in the azimuth and elevation channels must be fractions of the azimuth and elevation angles for straight collision trajectory. Simulation results show that GLOS has better performance, i.e., lower miss distance and total control effort, than the conventional LOS guidance with lead angle.